![]() While crucial for many cellular processes in both man and pathogens, a battle for this essential nutrient erupts during infection between the host and the invading bacteria. Iron homeostasis is important for all living organisms too much iron confers cell toxicity, and too little iron results in reduced cell fitness. cereus and general bacterial pathogenesis. Our results highlight a possible interplay between a surface protein and a siderophore and provide new insights into host adaptation of B. ![]() cereus that involves the binding of IlsA to host ferritin followed by siderophore assisted iron uptake. We propose a new model of iron acquisition in B. cereus to utilize ferritin for growth and results in attenuated bacterial virulence in insects. Disruption of the siderophore bacillibactin production drastically reduces the ability of B. UV-vis kinetic data show a significant enhancement of iron release from ferritin in the presence of IlsA indicating for the first time that a bacterial protein might alter the stability of the ferritin iron core. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicate that IlsA binds several types of ferritins through direct interaction with the shell subunits. Here, we demonstrate that IlsA acts as a ferritin receptor causing ferritin aggregation on the bacterial surface. In the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus, a surface protein named IlsA ( Iron-regulated leucine rich surface protein type A) binds heme, hemoglobin and ferritin in vitro and is involved in virulence. The molecular basis of iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin have been extensively studied however, very little is known about iron acquisition from host ferritin, a 24-mer nanocage protein able to store thousands of iron atoms within its cavity. To overcome the low solubility and bio-availability of iron, bacteria have evolved multiple systems to acquire iron from various sources such as heme, hemoglobin and ferritin. In host-pathogen interactions, the struggle for iron may have major consequences on the outcome of the disease.
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